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Also: Lake St. Clair
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS)
in the Great Lakes Region
What's New |
Overview |
Distribution Maps |
Studies/Management Plans |
Federal Resources |
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Current invaders:
Crustaceans: Rusty Crayfish | Spiny Water Flea
Fish: Goby (Round) | Goby (Tubenose) | Rudd | Ruffe | Sea Lamprey | White Perch
Mollusks: Quagga Mussel | Zebra Mussel
Plants: Curly-leaf Pondweed | Eurasian Watermilfoil | Phragmites (non-native) | Purple Loosestrife
Viruses: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSv)
Potential invaders:
Fish: Asian Carp
[Invasive species home page]
What's New
Brule Hatchery could close, others may open Ashland Current (5/17) A study released this week on Wisconsin’s 17 fish hatcheries says it will take $155 million to moderenize them.
Efforts to bolster lake herring populations in Lake Huron may be stunted by deadly disease Great Lakes Echo (12/8) Although Michigan officials want to bring lake herring back in Lake Huron, there’s a new concern – the fish are highly susceptibility to an emerging fatal disease: Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus.
Overview
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) is a viral fish pathogen that has invaded the Great Lakes, threatening native fish populations. As its name suggests, this is a serious systematic disease that often causes fish to hemorrhage which can result in individuals bleeding to death. Typically found in marine fish, VHS was found in the Great Lakes in 2005 and 2006 with the occurrence of large fish kills in lakes Huron, St. Clair, Erie, Ontario, Michigan, and the St. Lawrence River. VHS-infected fish died by the thousands, including muskies, freshwater drum, yellow perch, gizzard shad, redhorse, bluegills, black crappie and round gobies. Other species of fish—Chinook salmon, walleye, lake whitefish, white bass, rock bass, smallmouth bass, emerald shiners, spottail shiners, burbot, northern pike, channel catfish, lake trout, rainbow/steelhead trout, and white sucker—also were infected, but did not die in large numbers.
This viral invader is not a threat to people handling or eating infected fish, but can be deadly to more than 15 fish species and can infect at least another 10 species in the Great Lakes basin. This is the first time a virus has affected so many different species across such a wide range of Great Lakes fish families.
Photo: Mohamed Faisal, Ph.D., Michigan State University
For complete overview, identification and management:
View full, print-ready factsheet
Distribution Maps
Geographic information on the location of aquatic invasive species sightings in the United States is made available through the U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) program .
NAS distribution maps for VHS virus
Studies, Assessments and Management Plans
Emergency Prevention and Response Plan for Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (March 2008) National Park Service and Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa This plan is focused on (1) preventing VHS contamination of the waters of the four units of the National Park Service located in the Lake Superior basin and the Grand Portage Indian Reservation; (2) detecting the introduction of VHS; and (3) responding to VHS detection and outbreaks.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Iodophor Disinfection of Walleye and Northern Pike Eggs to Eliminate Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus – Fact Sheet (January 2009) U.S. Geological Survey This factsheet presents the results of a study that assessed the effectiveness of chemical disinfection for eliminating VHSv (strain IVb) from fertilized eggs of walleye and northern pike intentionally challenged with VHSv following egg fertilization.
Focus on Fish Health: VHS Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Iowa State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Program Launched as part of a national outreach campaign to educate the public about VHS, and to inform individuals involved in recreation and aquaculture about the simple precautions that can be taken to help prevent the spread of the virus.
Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in the Great Lakes Region (January 2008) U.S. Geological Survey The purpose of this factsheet is to review the results from molecular analyses that have added to our understanding about the distribution and spread of VHS.
Surveillance for Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Wild Fish in Canada (March 2008) Canadian Food Inspection Agency The CFIA implemented a 2-year bilateral surveillance of wild fish in Canada for the presence of VHS virus in the spring of 2007.
VHS Management in Ontario Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources This site provides a map of VHS-positive Canadian waters (Lakes Ontario, Huron, and Erie), as well as links to current management actions and regulations aimed at slowing and preventing the further spread of VHS.
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia in the Great Lakes - Emerging Disease Notice (July 2006) U.S. Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service This Emerging Disease Notice describes the current status of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in the United States, focusing on the 2005 and 2006 outbreaks in the Great Lakes area.
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia in the Great Lakes Region – Industry Alert (October 2006) U.S. Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service This document serves as an advisory in industry describing the virus and providing information on how to protect facilities (e.g. aquaculture) from VHS.
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia in the Great Lakes Region: Management and Science Needs Workshop Proceedings (September 2008) ESSA Technologies Priorities are identified for preventative measures to limit further spread of VHS, and needs are addressed for increased surveillance, monitoring, and information sharing among affected jurisdictions.
U.S. and Canadian Federal Resources
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service- September 2008 Interim Rule (73 FR 52173) U.S. Department of Agriculture
Aquaculture Disease Information - Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia U.S. Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Fact Sheet: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Various Great Lakes Fish Species National Aquatic Animal Health Program - Fisheries and Oceans Canada
FAQ's: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Various Great Lakes Fish Species National Aquatic Health Program - Fisheries and Oceans Canada
National Fish Hatchery System Addressing VHS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Questions and Answers: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Interim Rule - Fact Sheet U.S. Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
VHS – The Viral Invader Great Lakes Commission
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Fact Sheet U.S. Geological Survey - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia: Species Profile U.S. Department of Agriculture - National Invasive Species Information Center
State and Provincial Resources
Animal and Plant Health - Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture
Briefing Paper: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Fish Disease - VHS Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Fish Diseases - VHS Michigan Sea Grant
Fishing is at risk, but you can help! Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission
Flyer: Attention Anglers Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Illinois Emergency VHSv Rules 07-2008 Illinois Department of Natural Resources
Indiana Entry Health Requirements Indiana State Board of Animal Health
Indiana State Board of Animal Health VHS Pre-Entry Permit Requirements Indiana Department of Natural Resources
La septicémie hémorragique virale au Québec en 2008 (French fact sheet) Aire Faunique Communautaire du Lac St. Pierre
Name of the condition: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Poster: Help Stop the Spread of VHS Pennsylvania Sea Grant
Spread of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) in the Great Lakes Region, 2003-2007 Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy
VHS and Permit Procedures for the Interstate Shipment of Fish Indiana Department of Natural Resources
VHS and You: Keeping Wisconsin's Waters Healthy Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
VHS in Great Lakes Fish Wisconsin Sea Grant
VHS News Item Indiana Department of Natural Resources
VHS Virus Fact Sheet Minnesota Sea Grant
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) - VHS Management Zone Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters - Invading Species Awareness Program
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) in New York New York Department of Environmental Conservation
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) in the Great Lakes Michigan Sea Grant
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia - Help Prevent the Spread of this Disease in Ontario! Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources This website provides comprehensive information on VHS in Ontario, including management zones and fact sheets for several stakeholder groups including anglers, aquarists, fish farmers, property owners and bait fish harvesters.
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Brochure Minnesota Department of Natural Resources