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Interesting Abstracts!
- Subject: Interesting Abstracts!
- From: "Richard L Whitman" <richard_whitman@usgs.gov>
- Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2002 13:10:54 -0500
- Delivered-To: beachnet-archive@glc.org
- Delivered-To: beachnet@great-lakes.net
I will try to send interesting abstracts, web pages or important
information to you as I get them. I hope you will do the same. The list
serve is about information sharing. Don't be shy, just address your
contributions to beachnet@great-lakes.net
Richard Whitman
Lake Michigan Ecological Research Station
1100 North Mineral Springs Road
Porter, IN 46304
219-926-8336 ext. 424
219-929-5792 fax
----- Forwarded by Richard L Whitman/BRD/USGS/DOI on 08/28/2002 01:07 PM
-----
Muruleedhara
Byappanahali To: Richard_Whitman@usgs.gov, roger@hawaii.edu,
"Rijal, Geeta" <Geeta.Rijal@mwrdgc.dst.il.us>
08/28/2002 09:39 cc:
AM Subject: Abstracts!(Document link: Richard L Whitman)
FYI...
TECHNICAL REPORTS
Surface Water Quality
Geographic Variability of Escherichia coli Ribotypes from Animals in Idaho
and Georgia
Peter G. Hartel(superscript: *,a), Jacob D. Summer(superscript: a),
Jennifer L. Hill(superscript: a), J. Victoria Collins(superscript: a),
James A. Entry(superscript: b) and William I. Segars(superscript: a)
(superscript: a) Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, 3111 Plant Sciences, Univ.
of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7272(superscript:
b) USDA?ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab., 3793 North 3600
East, Kimberly, ID 83341
* Corresponding author (pghartel@arches.uga.edu)
Received for publication July 16, 2001. Several genotypic methods have been
developed for determining(superscript: )the host origin of fecal bacteria
in contaminated waters. Some(superscript: )of these methods rely on a host
origin database to identify(superscript: )environmental isolates. It is
not well understood to what degree(superscript: )these host origin
isolates are geographically variable (i.e.,(superscript: )cosmopolitan or
endemic). This is important because a geographically(superscript: )limited
host origin database may or may not be universally applicable.(superscript:
)The objective of our study was to use one genotypic method,(superscript:
)ribotyping, to determine the geographic variability of the fecal
(superscript: )bacterium, Escherichia coli, from one location in Idaho and
(superscript: )three locations in Georgia for cattle (Bos taurus), horse (
Equus(superscript: )caballus), swine (Sus scrofa), and chicken (Gallus
gallus domesticus).(superscript: )A total of 568 fecal E. coli isolates
from Kimberly, ID (125(superscript: )isolates), Athens, GA (210 isolates),
Brunswick, GA (102 isolates),(superscript: )and Tifton, GA (131 isolates),
yielded 213 ribotypes. The percentage(superscript: )of ribotype sharing
within an animal species increased with(superscript: )decreased distance
between geographic locations for cattle and(superscript: )horses, but not
for swine and chicken. When the E. coli ribotypes(superscript: )among the
four host species were compared at one location, the(superscript: )percent
of unshared ribotypes was 86, 89, 81, and 79% for Kimberly,(superscript: )
Athens, Brunswick, and Tifton, respectively. These data suggest
(superscript: )that there is good ribotype separation among host animal
species(superscript: )at each location. The ability to match environmental
isolates(superscript: )to a host origin database may depend on a large
number of environmental(superscript: )and host origin isolates that
ideally are not geographically(superscript: )separated.(superscript: )
Abbreviations: ATCC, American Type Culture Collection ? DIG-labeled,
digoxigenin-labeled ? rRNA, ribosomal RNA ? UPGMA, unweighted pair?group
method using arithmetic averages
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TECHNICAL REPORTS
Surface Water Quality
Potential of Enterococcus faecalis as a Human Fecal Indicator for Microbial
Source Tracking
Andrea L. Wheeler, Peter G. Hartel(superscript: *), Dominique G. Godfrey,
Jennifer L. Hill and William I. Segars
Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, 3111 Plant Sciences, Univ. of Georgia,
Athens, GA 30602-7272
* Corresponding author (pghartel@arches.uga.edu)
Received for publication September 4, 2001. Regulatory agencies are
interested in a fecal indicator bacterium(superscript: )with a host range
limited to humans because human fecal contamination(superscript: )
represents the greatest hazard to humans, yet is a relatively(superscript:
)easy nonpoint source to remedy. Watersheds with human fecal(superscript:
)contamination could be given first priority for cleanup. A fecal
(superscript: )indicator bacterium with a host range limited to humans and
(superscript: )a few other warm-blooded animal species would also simplify
(superscript: )microbial source tracking because only a few animal species
(superscript: )would be required for any host origin database. The
literature(superscript: )suggests that the fecal indicator bacterium
Enterococcus faecalis(superscript: )has a limited host range. On this
basis, we selected this bacterium(superscript: )for study. Of 583 fecal
streptococcal isolates obtained on Enterococcosel(superscript: )agar from
Canada goose, cattle, deer, dog, human, chicken, and(superscript: )swine,
392 were considered presumptive enterococci and were(superscript: )
subsequently speciated with the API 20 Strep system. Of these(superscript:
)isolates, 22 were Ent. durans (5.6%), 61 were Ent. faecalis(superscript:
)(15.6%), 98 were Ent. faecium (25.0%), 86 were Ent. gallinarum
(superscript: )(21.9%), and 125 were unidentified (31.9%). The host range
of(superscript: )the Ent. faecalis isolates was limited to dogs, humans,
and(superscript: )chickens. Media were developed to isolate and identify
Ent.(superscript: )faecalis quickly from fecal samples and this scheme
eliminated(superscript: )Ent. faecalis isolates from dogs. When the
remaining Ent. faecalis(superscript: )isolates were ribotyped, it was
possible to differentiate clearly(superscript: )among the isolates from
human and chicken. It may be that combining(superscript: )the potentially
limited host range of Ent. faecalis with ribotyping(superscript: )is
useful for prioritizing watersheds with fecal contamination.(superscript:
)
Abbreviations: ATCC, American Type Culture Collection ? BHI, Brain Heart
Infusion
Murulee Byappanahalli
Research Microbiologist
U. S. Geological Survey
Lake Michigan Ecological Research Station
1100 North Mineral Springs Road
Porter, IN 46304
Phone: (219) 926-8336 Ext. 421
Fax: (219) 929-5792
E-mail: byappan@usgs.gov
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