[beachnet] Performance of CHROMagarTM Staph aureus and CHROMagarTM MRSA for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in seawater and beach sand

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Performance of CHROMagarTM Staph aureus and CHROMagarTM MRSA for
detection of Staphylococcus aureus in seawater and beach sand -
Comparison of culture, agglutination, and molecular analyses
<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_method=citationSea
rch&_uoikey=B6V73-4WJHB1M-1&_origin=SDEMFRHTML&_version=1&md5=7e4bc7afa2
0b080217c32a59cce9cbe3> 
Water Research, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 18 June 2009
K.D. Goodwin, M. Pobuda

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Performance of CHROMagarTM Staph aureus and CHROMagarTM MRSA for
detection of Staphylococcus aureus in seawater and beach sand -
Comparison of culture, agglutination, and molecular analyses 

 

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K.D. Goodwina
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Pobudab
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aNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlantic
Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), 4301 Rickenbacker
Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA

bCooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600
Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA


Received 16 March 2009;  

revised 3 June 2009;  

accepted 4 June 2009.  

Available online 18 June 2009. 

 

Abstract

Beach seawater and sand were analyzed for Staphylococcus aureus and
methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) for samples collected from
Avalon, and Doheny Beach, CA. Membrane filtration followed by incubation
on CHROMagar(tm) Staph aureus (SCA) and CHROMagar(tm) MRSA (C-MRSA) was
used to enumerate S. aureus and MRSA, respectively. Media performance
was evaluated by comparing identification via colony morphology and
latex agglutination tests to PCR (clfA, 16S, and mecA genes). Due to
background color and crowding, picking colonies from membrane filters
and streaking for isolation were sometimes necessary. The specificity of
SCA and C-MRSA was improved if colony isolates were identified by the
presence of a matte halo in addition to mauve color; however routine
agglutination testing of isolates did not appear warranted. Using the
appearance of a colony on the membrane filter in conjunction with
isolate appearance, the positive % agreement, the negative % agreement,
and the % positive predictive accuracy for SCA was 84%, 95%, and 99%
respectively, and for C-MRSA it was 85%, 98%, and 92%, respectively.
Sensitivity and specificity of SCA and C-MRSA with membrane-filtered
beach samples were optimized through identification experience, control
of filter volume and incubation time, and isolation of colonies needing
further identification. With optimization, SCA and C-MRSA could be used
for enumeration of S. aureus and MRSA from samples of beach water and
sand. For the sites studied here, the frequency of detection of S.
aureus ranged from 60 to 76% and 53 to 79% for samples of beach seawater
and sand, respectively. The frequency of detection of MRSA ranged from 2
to 9% and 0 to 12% for samples of seawater and sand, respectively.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA; Recreational water quality;
CHROMagar; clfA; mecA

 

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